In this topic we'll only be defining various terms related to IPR: Intellectual Property Rights. In the next article we'll give a range of widely known property rights which will be important for UGC NET SET JRF NVS KVS RSMSSB KPSC JKSET, other Librarian examinations.
IPR: Intellectual Property Rights
IPR is the creation of human mind. Potential efforts of human beings lead to intellectual outcomes which in turn have considerable value in economy. Right associated with intellectual property which gives protection is referred to as IPR.
IPR can generally be defined as the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. They usually give the creator an exclusive legal right over the use of his/her creation for a certain time and thus protect the owner against unauthorized copying 11. IPR usually protects ideas or information of commercial value, playing a crucial role in the information market. As per TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) the different types of IPRs are:
Copyrights and related rights: A set of property rights vested in the owner of a protected work.
Geographical Indications: Place names used to identify products with particular characteristics as they come from specific places.
Industrial Designs: Features conceived in the authors’ intellect regarding pattern, ornament etc, applied to an article and not the article itself.
Trademarks: Identification symbol used in the course of trade to enable the purchasing public to distinguish one trader’s goods from the similar goods of other traders.
Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits : Layout designs in accordance with the provisions of the IPIC (the Treaty of Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits), negotiated under the auspices of WIPO in 1989.
Trade Secrets (undisclosed information) : Protection must apply to secret information that has commercial value and that has been subject to reasonable steps to keep it secret.
According to World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO),IPRs include “rights relating to:
- Literary, artistic and scientific work.
- Performance of performing artists, phonograms and broadcasts
- Inventions in all fields of human endeavour
- Scientific Discoveries
- Industrial Designs
- Trademarks
- Service marks and commercial names and designations
- Protection against unfair competition and all other rights resulting from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary or artistic fields”.
References:
http://ir.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/ir/bitstream/1944/444/1/04Planner_32.pdf