Plagiarism:
Plagiarism, commonly referred to as "literary theft," is defined as "the attempt of taking someone else's work, idea, etc. and passing it off as one's own."
Many things can be considered plagiarism. Here are a few examples (From Plagiarism.org):
- Turning in someone else's work as your own
- Copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
- Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks.
- Giving incorrect information about the source of the quotation
- Changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit
- Copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether or not you give credit.
Types:
1. Complete Plagiarism
Complete plagiarism is the most severe form of plagiarism where a researcher takes a manuscript or study that someone else created, and submits it under his or her name. It is equivalent to intellectual theft and stealing.
2. Direct Plagiarism
Essentially copying a section of someone's work and pasting it into your own. It is like complete plagiarism except it is only a section rather than the whole thing.
3. Source-based Plagiarism
Plagiarism occasionally occurs as a result of a source. Here are a few instances of plagiarism with sources.
3.1 Misleading Citation: A misleading citation is one that uses an incorrect or nonexistent source.
Using a child citation of a parent citation and only citing the parent citation are examples of misdirecting citations. Other examples include failing to cite a source's source and only citing the first source.
3.2 Data fabrication: When someone fabricates data and research, this is known as data fabrication.
3.3 Data falsification is the deliberate changing or deletion of data in order to obtain desired results.
4. Paraphrasing plagiarism
Basically rewriting someone's sentence(s) as your own, maybe making some minor word and grammatical changes. Just because the words are different doesn't mean the idea changed. This is one of the most common types of plagiarism.
5. Mosaic Plagiarism (Patchwork plagiarism)
This "may be more difficult to detect because it interlays someone else’s phrases or text within its own research, without using quotation marks, or someone finds synonyms for the author’s language while keeping to the same general structure and meaning of the original." It is also known as patchwork plagiarism or patchwriting and it is intentional and dishonest."
6. Accidental Plagiarism
This can happen a lot. People may be plagiarizing without recognizing it and sometimes face the same consequences as the people who do recognize they are plagiarizing. Usually accidental plagiarism happens unintentionally or as neglect or a mistake.
7. Self or Auto Plagiarism
Overview(image) credits: Enago.comRefrences:
- https://www.enago.com/academy/fraud-research-many-types-plagiarism/
- https://libguides.lindsey.edu/plagiarism/start